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    8/16/2007

    War and Peace 2

    头半部社交场合中(多半是某名流的沙龙宴会上),各色人物出场退场,谁和谁相亲,谁托谁谋职(为了儿子),谁和谁夺财(为了遗产),谁和谁决斗(为了女人)—— 晕。后半部场面更宏大(沙场、军营、村寨、城市),反而聚焦在两男一女上,我才象摸到了电视剧里的套路,看得清楚些了,就主说这两男一女的故事吧。

    男一号:Pierre Bezuhov

    戴眼镜,身材魁梧,行动笨拙,不善社交。在法国受教育多年,充满革命浪漫主义激情。偏是俄国富豪的私生子,在财产继承权的斗争过程中,在为己牟利的远亲帮助下,糊里糊涂的一夜之间成了“钻石王老五”。莫斯科、彼得堡的上流社会,哪家都暗中使劲。老谋深算的 Vasili 王子(俄国有王子、公主头衔的多得很,还不同姓氏),麻溜摆脱老交际花作媒,把貌美倾城的独生女 Helene 嫁给了他。这 Vasili 王子前几天还同 Pierre 争财产,转眼就做了他老丈人。可是,这以金钱为目的的婚姻,不能给他幸福。Pierre 在各种应酬捐助活动中,为了不让别人失望,一概委屈自己成全别人。渐渐,他出现了婚姻和信仰危机,一度加入俄国神秘宗教组织 Free Mason,直到拿破伦战争。

    战争中,他以军队捐助人的富豪身份,自己骑着马到各战区视察。居然就骑到了战斗的核心地带。他看到那些面临危险仍乐观勇敢的士兵,对他们产生兄弟般的情意。(他们的阶级差别,在国难的时候,已经不重要。)后来,那些人都战死了,他神奇地活了下来。以前,留法的他对拿破伦还有英雄崇拜,亲历战争后,对拿破伦仇恨刻骨。拿破伦攻陷莫斯科时,他没有像大多数有钱人一样举家搬迁,而是留在城里,准备刺杀拿破伦,以身殉国。没有任何谋杀能力的他,最后被俘。在做法军俘虏的悲惨日子中,他认识了一个改变他人生的朋友,Karatayev,一个乐观顽强生存的人。最后,那个朋友没有活下来,他活了下来。

    在这期间,他的交际花妻子死了。战后回到莫斯科,他财产损失大半,却获得了自由。更重要的是,经过战争磨砺,他辨别是非能力、理财能力、交际能力突然有了。过去困扰他的各种事情,他都理顺清楚。

    男二号:Andrei Bolkonsky

    俄国退伍将军之子,住在莫斯科远郊的庄园。家教甚严,结婚甚早(也是不幸的婚姻)。拿破伦战争一爆发就到前线做文官,借着他父亲的威望,一开始他就在指挥部做危险不大却权力很大的工作。看到战争的惨烈,对指挥部各国将军(德国、奥地利与俄国联军)争权夺力很反感,他花了很多时间考察阵地、研究战略部署,可是没有人听。在一次战斗中,俄军惨败,险些擒获了总指挥 Kutuzov,他在领旗兵战死的时候,扛起了战旗,使几乎溃散的俄军找到进攻方向。可是,谁扛旗谁被击中的可能就越大。最后他倒在血泊中。拿破伦在检查战场的时候,看到了他死也护旗的架势,表扬他是个好士兵。他没死。在法军医院康复后,法俄停战,交换战俘,回家了。

    发现他妻子 Lisa 难产死了,留下个儿子。他懊悔当初不该冷淡地对待她。Lisa 是彼得堡的交际花,婚后跟着丈夫,住在远离她那圈子的庄园里,还要看脾气乖戾的公公眼色。而 Andrei 早以不爱她了,大概他们就不是一种人。Lisa 无法理解Andrei 的想法,只关心女人圈里琐碎事情。战争一爆发,就赶紧离开家庭的羁绊,丢她不管。此时,Andrei 站在她的墓碑旁,怎么看都觉得她雕像的眼神充满哀怨。从此好几年,Andrei 用寡居平淡的生活来惩罚自己,他以为这辈子就这样子了呢,直到遇见 Natasha。

    女主角:Natasha Rostov

    活泼可爱的 Natasha 出生在一个世袭伯爵家庭,有副好嗓子,喜欢跳舞。家里大厅的布置是一架卧室钢琴,晚上经常歌舞升平。《战争与和平》最烂漫的场景都与 Natasha 有关:她第一次参加舞会,兴奋地试穿晚礼服,自然而然地成为众人注目的焦点;她感叹天上的月亮皎洁,吸引了心情暗淡生命无光的 Andrei。

    "Your go to sleep, but I can't," said the first voice [Natasha], coming nearer to the window. She evidently thrust her head right out, for he could hear the rustle of her dress and even her breathing. Everything was hushed and turned to stone - the moon and her light, and the shadows. Prince Andrei, too, dared not stir, for fear of betraying his unintentional presence.

    "Sonya! Sonya!" said the first voice again. "Oh, how can you sleep? Just look how lovely it is! Oh, how glorious! Do wake up, Sonya!" and there were almost tears in the voice. "There never, never was such an exquisite night."

    Sonya made some reluctant reply.

    "No, but do look what a moon! ... Oh, how lovely! Do come here. Darling, precious, come here! There, you see? I feel like squatting down on my heels, putting my arms round my knees like this, tight - as tight as can be - and flying away! Like this ..."

    大意:Andrei 在 Natash Rostov 家过夜,恰巧住在 Natasha 和 Sonya (Natasha 的表姐,寄居在她家)的房间下边,听到了两个女孩的歌声,和Natasha 对夜色和月亮的赞叹。

    Andrei 在这样一个热爱生活的女孩影响下,死灰复燃。比 Natasha 大十多岁的他仍然向她求婚了。但是,他那乖戾的老爸不准,因为老头子可能不相信世上有女孩子能配得上他儿子的才华。戏剧就这样产生了:老头规定了一个条件,必须让 Andrei 和 Natasha 分开一年,以检验两人是否头脑发热作出错误决定。Andrei 这一年游历欧洲,定期给 Natasha 写信,就在期满前夕,一个彼得堡的公子哥盯上了 Natasha,骗她私奔。结果,她居然就心动同意,并且头脑一热给 Andrei 写了解除婚约的信。

    长话短说:拿破伦撕毁和平协约,再次向俄国进攻。这次 Andrei 心灰意冷地在前线上受中伤,被运回莫斯科时,恰巧遇到 Natasha 一家。两人在 Andrei 弥留之际重归于好,可是太晚了也。Andrei 去世后,Natasha 换了个人似的,那个欢乐的她悲观极了。与此同时,她家境随着战争的恶化也濒于破产,她小弟 Petya 战亡,父亲不久去世。多亏有 Andrei 的妹妹 Maria 与她一起承受失去亲人的苦痛。

    结局:拿破伦战争结束。Pierre 遇到旧识 Natasha 发现这个过去可望不可及的可爱女孩,此时正遭不幸,有可能正是自己心爱的人。两人结婚,育三子。 Maria 和 Natasha 的哥 Nikolai 结婚,也育三子。俄国战后,估计也出现了 Baby Boom。Pierre 成功商贾、Nikolai 大庄园主,Natasha 和 Maria 全职太太,过上了和平时代的幸福生活。

    其他人物:

    Sonya 寄人篱下,从小与 Nikolai (她表哥)海誓山盟。Nikolai 离家参军,遇到女继承人 Maria (Nikolai 的母亲从来没赞同过 Sonya 与 Nikolai,一直希望 Nikolai 能娶到女继承人,挽回家道中败),Sonya 都心里没有放弃。与林黛玉不同的是,Sonya 忍耐里极好,而且有奉献精神。从莫斯科撤离到后来,她担当管家角色,凡事考虑面面俱到,默默等待 Nikolai 迎娶她。战争前,Dolohov 向她求婚被拒绝了。Dolohov 是贵族出身,家道败落,他个性强烈、足智多谋,是彼得堡贵族公子圈子里玩闹的领袖,战争中表现勇敢,后期成为游击武装领导人。Natasha 家财走下坡路,一个原因就是 Dolohov 被 Sonya 拒绝后为出心中恶气,拉着 Nikolai 赌博,让 Rostov 家负债累累。

    到小说结束,Sonya 仍然在 Nikolai 家里生活,Maria 圣人一般境界的人都忍不住对当年这个情敌百般刁难。一直没有 Dolohov 的消息,可能他战死沙场,可能他不走回头路,反正 Sonya 这么贤惠的女孩就这样的结果。她没有背叛当初的契约,过了十多年反而成了多余的人。唉!

    Audrey Hepburn 饰演 Natasha 的《战争与和平》海报
    Pablo Picasso 对战争与和平女主角的形象阐释
    8/15/2007

    War and Peace 1

    一本陪伴我整个暑假的小说,今天就这么读完了,有些不舍又无可奈何。假期要结束了,小说里的故事也结束了。

    《战争与和平》的结束方式与我想的不同。故事的主人公们经历了磨难,终归娶妻生子,过上幸福日子,完。尾声分为两个部分:一、人物的结局;二、托尔斯泰的历史观。作者花了44页的笔墨,以他讲述的历史时期为主要例证,批评了他那个时代历史研究的三种错误:1 神灵决定人类历史发展;2 英雄造时势;3 思想文化潮流左右历史。他提出人自以为拥有“自主意识”(free will),而实际上历史的发展是现实的需要(客观)和人的选择(主观)相互作用的结果。
     
    他通过拿破伦自西往东横扫欧洲继而进攻俄国,攻陷莫斯科,俄国人民自西向东反攻至巴黎这个历史动荡时期的大小人物命运,主要说明:拿破伦不是英雄,也不是天才。拿破伦犯了很多军事错误,而且他的指挥命令并没有可能全部执行。历史的发展是所有参与历史的人共同影响的结果。写史的人往往看到船头浪尖上的人物就认定是个别人指引了历史发展方向。是拿破伦一声令下,莫斯科陷落了。亚历山大一声令下,俄军反攻了。不是这样的。他小说里精雕细刻描写那个时期俄国军民的状态,就是要证明金字塔顶尖上的人并无法决定未来或预知未来。

    下边摘录一段,莫斯科陷落时,对莫斯科市长表现的评价。

    In quiet, untroubled times every administrator believes that it is only by his efforts that the whole population under his charge is kept going; and in this consciousness of being indispensable lies the chief reward of his pains and exertions. So long as the calm lasts, the administrator-pilot holding on to the ship of the people with a boat-hook from his frail bark, and himself gliding along, naturally imagines that his efforts move the ship he is clinging to. But let a storm spring up, let the sea begin to heave and the great vessel toss about of itself, and any such illusion becomes impossible. The ship rides on in mighty independence, the boat-hook no longer reaches to the moving vessel and the pilot, from being the arbiter, the source of power, finds himself an insignificant, feeble, useless person.

    翻译:在安静无忧的时期,每个行政长官都相信单凭他一人的本事整个在他管辖下的老百姓才得以聊生;正是这种缺他不可的想法慰藉了他所有的苦与累。只要平静无事,他这个长官舵手就可以站在他那小破筏子上用船勾抓住人民的大船。但是一旦风浪涌起,大船摇晃不已,这种一厢情愿的想法立即破灭。大船强大而独立航行着,船勾休想把持住行进的大船。那当惯了独裁者和权力核心的舵手,突然发现自己其实是个无足轻重、虚弱无用的人。

    托尔斯泰在1864-1869年年写《战争与和平》才距离拿破伦东征五十年光景,他就批判了当时和后来的关于这个战争的很多历史观点,对历史人物也重新评价,比如俄军总指挥 Kutuzov 以退为进的战略就给了高度评价。与当时急于邀功的主战派相左,Kutuzov 在拿破伦军队进攻莫斯科时没有城前壮烈的一战,而是避开敌军主力,保存俄军实力。而莫斯科正是拿破伦溃败的起点。辛苦作战的法国军队,进了无人看守的奢华的莫斯科城(90%的人都跑了,留下了很多财物),登时就失去了战斗意志,变成了掠夺财宝的乌合之众。最后,莫斯科一把大火,半城皆灰,法军的撤退就变成了逃跑。Kutuzov 仍然不主张进攻,因为法军的拼命逃亡,加之天气恶劣、供给不足、贪婪让有些人舍命保财(掠夺来的不义之财),无须枪炮,敌人自行消减。成了俄军俘虏,反倒增加负担。他这种“无为”的做法,同样最大限度地减少了俄军的苦难,却无法让当局满意。其实是否抓住拿破伦有多大意义呢?

    很多人喜欢看《战争与和平》里的和平年代,可谓歌舞升平,温馨浪漫。主要描写的是俄国贵族生活。读过之后,我却喜欢战争部分,极端情况下,善与恶的人性才更好展现,尽管战争的描写让人沉重和难过。读过描写一战的《西线静悄悄》All Quiet on the Western Front,再骇人的战争文字场面也可以忍受了。

    8/12/2007

    读书的乐趣

    先介绍两个词:Book-smart vs. Street-smart。大概就是“书呆子”和“人精”的意思,一边是擅长考试,喜欢和书本打交道,多呆在家里,顶多在科研机关和大小院校里混得不懂世道行情的“书呆子”,偶而出来几个改变世界的研究成果,一边是读书不行,喜欢和人打交道,多漂在社会上,混得不好留在街头巷尾,混得好说不定什么超级销售、超级演员,会赚钱又会花钱的“人精”。估计和 Elite 的差别是所谓“精英”要书本和社会两头精。还有个划分方法来解释:智商和情商。来美国不多久,我就体会出这里崇尚的是 Street-smart,绝对以混社会水平,挣钱能力论英雄。

    偏偏在主流意识的同时总暗自涌动着逆流。大举Street-smart大旗的年代,就有那么一批人在推动沉溺于视频媒体的大众多花些时间在普及了五个世纪所谓“纸媒”的读书上。一个对Karl Lagerfeld (Chanel/Fendi 的设计师)采访里,记者问:你在服装设计领域里已经名利双收了,为什么还要投身摄影呢?他说:我不想变成一个傻子。人不能只在名利圈里转,那样的生活质量是次等的。人要做自己喜爱的东西。他还喜欢读书,每次旅行要带上20本书,因为他同时在读20本书。我不知道他如何同时读这么多本书,不过我也在同时读不同的书,有些刚开头,有些快读完。被各种书包围的感觉挺舒服,也有压力,恨不得多分出几个脑袋来,同时读这些书。

    上学期参加了一个校园的读书小组,组织了一个给国际学生家属阅读和学习英语机会的读书小组。两个读书小组都缺乏人气和多媒体的刺激,经常只有两三个人参加。可见这年头,读书是一件多没有吸引力的事。在夏威夷办个活动,一定要有吃有喝,要不然没人来。我惊讶,这年头人都实际成这样了,一定要有便宜占才赏光。不过,我不也占了不少教堂的便宜?可是读书和传教似乎是两码事:一边是百家争鸣,一边是独家专有。

    这个暑假,打工之余,我得以有时间啃些大部头。《战争与和平》就把这个假期添满了,容不得空读下一部长篇。上一回读这个量级的书还是大四快毕业时,我没花心思在找工作或各种其他令大四忙碌而空虚的事情上,反倒读了《罪与罚》和《红楼梦》,圆了我一个读名著的梦。读这些书,要沉得住气。心平气和才能更好体会到书中的情境。

    今天兴起,就把来美国后读得一些书在Book List上列出来。这个网站和 Amazon 联合好了,书名写出来,一搜索,连图带其他信息自动出来了。我列了五本书,属《战争与和平》是最重量级的名著,偏偏搜索不到。我不仅猜想,难道全美国就没有人此时在买在读这本书了吗?读这样的书的时候,是不是感觉很孤独呢?独乐乐,不如众乐乐。众不乐此乐时,我还是独乐乐吧。

    难怪别人,上班的、上学的,不都忙吗?不知道以后我是否有机会读这样的书了。当时间和金钱划上等号后,读《战争与和平》就成了比买LV包还昂贵的奢侈行为。如此理解,Karl Lagerfeld 这个奢侈品牌设计师认为摄影和读书这样与灵魂相关的爱好自然比高级服装还要高贵,因为这与生活质量直接相关。希望今后还能如此奢侈下去。



    5/25/2006

    One Hundred Years of Solitude

    The thick book by Gabriel Garcia Marquez is amazing, by confusing me all the time. In a sense, it's even more complicated than Red Chamber Dream, with hundreds of characters and stories. The confusion led to frustration to penetrate the book and I gave up in the middle of the story, since the book is due and I didn't finish it in three months!
     
    Hardly could a novel confuse me so. It has characters of repeated names and repeated behavior. I mean, two brothers went to sleep with the same woman, who gave birth to their children, who repeated the process of sleeping with weird women and seeding "black" children. It's out of today's legal or moral comprehension.
     
    However, in the translated version from Spanish, I do find a gleam of unique perspective about history, society, life and the vast span of solitude. I believe there are such people who sunk into their own worlds and passed through life with little impact on the ongoing world, until someone wrote a story about such people.
     
    No. The people described in the book are not that un-influential. Actually, the great-grandfather, the one who began the whole story about the complicated family, is the founder of a new town, Macondo, in the deep forest of South America. He has leadership and craftmanship. He is fascinated by Gypsian magics and preoccupied in his chemistry laboraty to make inventions. Given our time and in the US, he could make someone like Thomas Edison.
     
    And another character is the second son of this founder. In his youth, he slept with the same woman his big brother had slept, and immerged himself in the lab, making little gold fishes just like his father. But then the war between Liberal and Conservative began and he became the general and led the bloody war to nowhere. He finally was disillussioned with war and his belief, returned home and continued making little gold fish, which required all his concentration and energy so that he could forget the world and sink into solitude.
     
    There are many other interesting and confusing figures in the novel. The undying great-grandma, the mysterious women, the Gypsy old man (Marquiz, something like that, too complicated name for me) who died and resurrected and wrote undecodable scripts in a closet.
     
    There are French, Italian elements as well, but the main taste is Latin. I am not sure what the culture is like, but it's different from European or Asian. It has its own charm and myth, which is so good that I wish I could read the thick novel again sometime in my 40s or so, hoping that then I could reach a certain level of comprehension.
     
    Something else. Yesterday, I heard for the first time, Portuguese music. So beautiful the female vocal, very soothing. It's said that the music is best to listen when it's raining. You can just imagine what kind of music to listen with the humid, purifying, rhythmic and consistent rain. It must be something from heaven. :-)
    5/17/2006

    Message in a Bottle

    Riding on my lingering emotions after reading the novel, Message in A Bottle, I jotted down a few flashbacks.

     

    The large-font easy-read romance novel was a good company for a woman in a vacation, especially at resorts by the seaside. I flipped through the 370 pages at home, leaning on the cushion by the window most of the times. Still, I imagined what an effect it would have created for a woman reading on the beach, hearing the blurred voices from the ocean, feeling guts of wind blowing from wherever.

     

    The storyline is simple: Theresa, a Boston Times columnist, found a message in a bottle one day by the sea. It’s a letter from the widowed husband to his beloved past wife. Theresa divorced three years ago after finding that her husband was cheating on her and was now living with her teenage son. She wasn’t sure she was ready for a new relationship, but the beautiful letter hit a chord in her lonely heart. Then, she went down to discover what kind of writer the man could be, someone who loved deeply and forever, the type every woman would dream of. The letter writer turned out to be a handsome weathered scuba diving coach, who owned a sailboat and a shop at a town in North Carolina. Their affair developed buoyantly, as everything seemed right, except that the man, Garrett, couldn’t let his deceased wife go and dream her often. When their relationship came to a point of arranging their future, the reality started to sink in: either of them has to give up the whole life and move to the other. Theresa had a blooming career in media and Garrett never lived anywhere else than the town.

     

    Now, this is an interesting point in the novel. They need to find a solution or put an end to their long-distance love affair. The modern society makes the complication of romantic relationship by jarring career into domesticity such a commonplace that I expect the novel, published in 1998, to shed a light on a wise solution. The author, however, avoided the realistic way by putting Garrett to death in his last sail to send the good-bye letter to his former wife. The reminiscence for the romantic love thus can be preserved in its rosy bloom and glistening hope through tears from Theresa, who a year later also sent a letter to Garret in a bottle where she found his message ashore.

     

    Honestly, when I read the irreversible separation between Theresa and Garret, after what they had had during the several months, the tingle of pain for the unfulfilled longing wrung a few drops of tears from me. I see that a romance story is better to end with death of one of the two lovers. It surely has a much better effect by making the reader realize how little they appreciate what they have now and that romance is but a rarity in reality.

     

     

    3/10/2006

    The Green Years

    Eight years ago, in simplified version, the "coming of age" story stroke a chord at my youthful heart and squeezed tears from my innocent eyes. When reading it again, after all these (years of turning out of green), I am still touched by the story of a boy-to-man's life.
     
    Robert Shannon, orphanized and indulged, is brought from Ireland into a stingy and stoic family of his grand and great-grand parents at a small Scottish town. The solitary and self-conscious boy faced humiliation from the beginning, his awkward green-color school suit made from his great-grandma's petticoat triggering whole class into a roar, his Catholic religion making the Protestent co-villiagers suspicious of his upbringing. But he finds love from his red-nosed, broad-hearted great-grandpa and his brilliant sympathetic classmate Gavin and his knowledgable  humanitarian teacher Mr. Reid. But at 15, a very vunerable age, he failed at a contest for college scholarship and his best buddy died tragically under the train. His blooming world suddenly turns into an icy and secluded wilderness. He lost his faith in God, his interest in Science, his ambition and even purpose of life. The turn of fate finally came when his great-grandpa left him all the money from insurance enough to support him through college years.
     
    The story shows that in green years, one is easy to get hurt and hopeless. But after all, one will find the way.